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物联网嵌入式干货之接口技术

来源:汉码未来
发布人:xqq
时间: 2024-11-21 20:13:13 1711417071

1. Flash存储器

1Flash存储器是一种非易失性存储器,根据结构的不同可以将其分为NOR FlashNAND Flash两种。

 

2Flash存储器的特点:

A、区块结构:在物理上分成若干个区块,区块之间相互独立。

B、先擦后写:Flash的写操作只能将数据位从1写成0,不能从0写成1,所以在对存储器进行写入之前必须先执行擦除操作,将预写入的数据位初始化为1。擦除操作的最小单位是一个区块,而不是单个字节。

C、操作指令:执行写操作,它必须输入一串特殊指令(NOR Flash)或者完成一段时序(NAND Flash)才能将数据写入。

D、位反转:由于Flash的固有特性,在读写过程中偶尔会产生一位或几位的数据错误。位反转无法避免,只能通过其他手段对结果进行事后处理。

E、坏块:区块一旦损坏,将无法进行修复。对已损坏的区块操作其结果不可预测。

 

3NOR Flash的特点:

应用程序可以直接在闪存内运行,不需要再把代码读到系统RAM中运行。NOR Flash的传输效率很高,在1MB~4MB的小容量时具有很高的成本效益,但是很低的写入和擦除速度大大影响了它的性能。

 

4NAND Flash的特点

能够提高极高的密度单元,可以达到高存储密度,并且写入和擦除的速度也很快,这也是为何所有的U盘都使用NAND Flash作为存储介质的原因。应用NAND Flash的困难在于闪存需要特殊的系统接口。

 

5NOR FlashNAND Flash的区别:

ANOR Flash的读速度比NAND Flash稍快一些。

BNAND Flash的擦除和写入速度比NOR Flash快很多

CNAND Flash的随机读取能力差,适合大量数据的连续读取。

DNOR Flash带有SRAM接口,有足够的地址引进来寻址,可以很容易地存取其内部的每一个字节。NAND Flash的地址、数据和命令共用8位总线(有写公司的产品使用16位),每次读写都要使用复杂的I/O接口串行地存取数据。

ENOR Flash的容量一般较小,通常在1MB~8MB之间;NAND Flash只用在8MB以上的产品中。因此,NOR Flash只要应用在代码存储介质中,NAND Flash适用于资料存储。

FNAND Flash中每个块的最大擦写次数是一百万次,而NOR Flash是十万次。GNOR Flash可以像其他内存那样连接,非常直接地使用,并可以在上面直接运行代码;NAND Flash需要特殊的I/O接口,在使用的时候,必须先写入驱动程序,才能继续执行其他操作。因为设计师绝不能向坏块写入,这就意味着在NAND Flash上自始至终必须进行虚拟映像。

HNOR Flash用于对数据可靠性要求较高的代码存储、通信产品、网络处理等领域,被成为代码闪存;NAND Flash则用于对存储容量要求较高的MP3、存储卡、U盘等领域,被成为数据闪存。

 

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tags: it培训
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