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【技术干货】云计算的架构模式

来源:汉码未来
发布人:xqq
时间: 2024-11-21 19:09:50 1711417071

笔者自2008年开始涉足云计算四以来,参与设计、开发、部署和运营了各类云计算平台,并分布在各个国家数据中心。由于国家和行业的不同,云计算设计模式也差别很大,现在终于有机会从笔者亲身经历的这些平台中总结一些云计算设计模式。

1.虚拟化

VWare vCenter为主导的虚拟化时代,该时代笔者代表性作品是菲律宾移动通信Smart Cloud。在ESX集群基础上引入两类资源池概念:服务资源池和客户资源池,后端存储用的SAN,通过HP OO实现Smart内部系统的整合,HP SA管理虚拟机四整个生命周期,MOAB作为资源调度和生产组件,单集群到了100台物理机规模。该架构的优点是简单易用,缺点是平台不可规模化扩展,资源生产效率一般。

2.多数据中心和可用区Orchestration

突出租户,以VMWare为主导的多数据中心调度和完全自动化时代,该时代笔者代表性作品是比利时电信的BeCoud和新加坡政府的GCloud。位于比利时的两个数据中心EvereMachelen,跨数据中心实现资源调度,该架构还引入了两个新的概念:

1)vCloud vCDN:网络池实现,通过Private VLAN实现网络隔离,弥补vlan 4096的数量限制,

2)vCloud vDC:为将特定于租户的拓扑复杂性抽象出来提供了一个好办法,还为管理资源提供了方法。

位于新加坡的两个数据中心Bedokkimchuan三个可用区,跨可用区和数据中心实现调度,数据中心之间通过MPLS互联,实现单个集群500台物理机规模,也是使用MOAB做调度,资源调度和生产效率一般。

优缺点显而易见,规模再大就很难扩展了,但对于新加坡政府这样的政务云来说是合适的,因为这些都是针对行业或专有领域的云计算平台,还不能称为公有云。

3.0penstack

笔者最早接触的Openstack版本是E版,并把F版和G版部署到了客户在中国的数据中心,存储也用了分布式存储CEPH。我们团队也踩了不少坑,虽然一路走来十分坚信,但最后也只能惨淡收场,心有不甘,但也没办法,者想表达的是Ooenstack是不错,但云计算运维和运营非常重要,不是一般技术型公司能做得了的。由于Openstack是开源Q软件,架构文章比比皆是,在此就不列举了。

4.AWS、阿里云为代表的新一代云计算

AWS、阿里云可为是新一代云计算平台,由于笔者在阿里云呆过,在此就拿阿里云来说吧,该架构分了几个层次:

1)数据中心和基本操作系统

2)大规模分布式计算系统

3)各类云服务

4)集群部署和监控

5)云市场及第三方服务和应用

阿里云实现了真正的云计算,以及云计算生态圈,大二层的网络打破了规模化局限,也让单集群支撑5000台物理机成为可能。依托稳定的分布式底层架构,可以生长出无穷无尽的平台服务,这也是用户想要的更高层次的服务,而不是之前介绍的存粹的虚拟化,让用户真正集中在自己的业务核心上,下图形象地做了对比。

来源:CSDN

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