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云计算——云计算关键技术

来源:汉码未来
发布人:xqq
时间: 2024-11-21 19:10:34 1711417071

一、虚拟化技术

    虚拟化是一种能够更有效地利用物理计算机硬件的过程,是云计算的基础。

虚拟化,将各种I实体资源抽象,转换成另一种形式的技术都是虚拟化。虚拟化是资源的逻辑表示,其不受物理限制的约束。(一个物理主机只能运行一个操作系统,虚拟化则是可以运行多个操作系统)

二、分布式数据存储技术

将数据存储在不同的物理设备中。这种模式不仅摆脱了硬件设备的限制,同时扩展性更好,能够快速响应用户需求的变化(整合存储资源提供动态可伸缩资源池的分布式存储技术)

将数据分布在不同的服务器上存储设备上,在之前就如图中左边的那个一样集中在一个设备上可能这个设备坏了,里面的数据文件就恢复不出来了,分布式存储是动态可伸缩的分布在不同的设备上,如其中的一个设备坏了我们可以通过其他的办法将数据文件恢复。

正符合云计算快速高效的处理海量数据的优势。在数据爆炸的今天这个技术至关重要,为保证数据资料的高可靠性。云计算常用分布式数据存储的技术,将数据存储于不同物理设备中,不仅摆脱物理设备的限制,扩展性更好,满足快速响应用户需求Q的变化。

(1)云计算的分布式存储与传统的存储是不同的。

·传统存储采用集中式,放在一个数据库当中。(容易产生瓶颈--不能满足大规模的存储应用需求)

分布式存储采用并行可扩展,利用多台服务器,分担存储负担。

(2)分布式存储的优势

1.高性能:一个具有高性能的分布式存储通常能够高效地管理读缓存和写缓存,并且支持自动的分级存储。分布式存储通过将热点区域内数据映射到高速存储中,来提高系统响应速度。一旦这些区域不再是热点,那么存储系统会将它们移出高速存储。

2.支持分级存储:由于通过网络进行松耦合链接,分布式存储允许高速存储和低速存储分开部署,或者任意比例混布。在不可预测的业务环境或者敏捷应用情况下,分层存储的优势可以发挥到最佳。

3.多副本的一致性:与传统的存储架构使用RAID模式来保证数据的可靠性不同,分布式存储采用了多副本备份机制。在存储数据之前,分布式存储对数据进行了分片,分片后的数据按照一定的规则保存在集群节点上。

4.存储系统标准化:随着分布式存储的发展,存储行业的标准化进程也不断推进,分布式存储优先采用行业标准接口进行存储接入。

 

三、数据中心联网技术

东西向流量增长并行计算业务(:搜索)需要服务器集群协调运算,产生大量横向交互流量虚拟机的自由部署和动态迁移,虚机间需要实时同步大量的数据。

1.传统数据中心:每台服务器是独立的,我们需要对外提供服务,大部分的流量都是通过数据中心的外边进来又从里面出去,产生信息交互都是通过这一台服务器,产生了大量的南北流向。

2.云计算数据中心:以东西流量为主,南北流量变少,服务器除了对外提供服务,有分布式存储的存在,虚拟机不一定在那一台物理主机上,虚拟机之间不停迁移,产生动态迁移,同步大量数据时而产生了东西流量大于南北的情况。

 

四、并行编程技术

在并行编程模式下,并发处理,容错,数据分布,负载均衡等细节都被抽象到一个函数库中,通过统一接口,用户大尺度的计算任务被自动并发和分布执行,即将一个任务自动分成多个任务,并进行处理海量数据。

来源:CSDN

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