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云计算——ACA学习 虚拟化技术概述

来源:汉码未来
发布人:xqq
时间: 2024-11-21 19:11:20 1711417071

一、虚拟化技术概述

1.什么是虚拟化

虚拟化技术就是将物理资源虚拟化。在传统架构上一个物理机只能支持一个操作系统及上层应用,那么有了虚拟化技术,一个物理主机可以被分成多个虚拟主机,可以向上支持多个操控。

 

2.虚拟化分类

从实现的方式上划分

·硬件虚拟化

·软件虚拟化

1)软件虚拟化

QEMU是一款开源的模拟器及虚拟化软件。作为用户态模拟器,QEMU 可以模拟CPU,提供一套完整的系统环境供没有硬件系统的操作系统或程序进行运行。作为系统态虚拟机,QEMU 也提供了硬件模拟,可以模拟一个能够运行完整操作系统并支持多个并发用户的虚拟机。作系统以及应用。通过软件模拟实现VMM层 通过纯软件的环境来模拟执行客户机的指令。

2)硬件虚拟化

 Intel VTIntel公司的Virtualization Technology虚拟化技术。为解决纯软件虚拟化解决方案在可靠性、安全性和性能上的不足,Intel在它的硬件产品上引入了Intel VT(Virtualization Technology,虚拟化技术)。硬件虚拟化技术就是指计算机硬件本身提供能力让客户机指令独立执行,而不需要VMM截取重定向。

 

3.虚拟化技术层面分类

虚拟化是云计算的入门技术,从云计算资源的角度,可以分为:计算虚拟化,存储虚拟化,网络虚拟化。

(1)计算虚拟化

计算虚拟化主要包含CPU虚拟化,内存虚拟化,I/0虚拟化

1) CPU虚拟化

计算机系统最核心的模块,翻译成二进制在CPU中运行,虚拟化技术通过软件方式模拟出假的CPU,让每个虚拟机都以为自己直接管理着真实的底层物理硬件,但实际上是由虚拟机监视器 (VMM)来模拟底层硬件并处理特权指令。

确保虚拟机上的指令能被正常执行,且效率接近计算机。

2)内存虚拟化

内存虚拟化技术会在物理内存的基础上创建一个虚拟的内存层,这个虚拟内存层可以被切分成多个虚拟内存空间,每个虚拟内存空间都可以被分配给一个虚拟机。

虚拟机内存空间隔离,认为拥有独立的内存地址,

3)I/0虚拟化

I/O虚拟化,它可以在虚拟机中模拟物理设备的I/0操作,让虚拟机可以像使用物理设备一样进行输入和输出操作。虚拟机能够访问所需的I0资源,并做隔离。

(2)存储虚拟化

存储虚拟化主要涉及RAID,分布式存储,分布式文件系统。

1)RAID

RAID就是将多个硬盘组合在一起,让它们像一个硬盘一样工作,从而提高了数据的存储性能和可靠性,

DAID解决单块硬盘在设备不可靠问题。

2)分布式存储

分布式存储主要由于大数据时代而生

3)分布式文件系统

分布式文件系统可以屏蔽底层存储差异

(3)网络虚拟化

网络虚拟化主要包含了网络虚拟化和软件定义网络,四层和七层网络虚拟化主要解耦了网络设备和租户之间的关系。二层和三层网络虚拟化主要解耦了服务器和交换机之间的关系

 

4.虚拟化管理工具

虚拟机监控器:VMMVMMVirtual Machine Monitor的缩写,也称为虚拟机监视器,VMM是一种实现虚拟化的关键组件,它使得在同一物理硬件上同时运行多个虚拟机成为可能,提高了硬件资源的利用率和管理效率。

 

5.虚拟化技术优势

1)虚拟化优势

性价比高:虚拟化技术减少了数据中心里服务器和相关硬件数量,降低IT成本灵活性强:动态迁移技术有效减少迁移成本,服务不中断

稳定性强:强大的安全和故障隔离机制,实现同一主机上运行多个应用程序

利用率高:避免了服务器使用的浪费,充分利用现有的服务器资源

 

来源:CSDN

以上就是汉码未来今天给大家分享的文章,想了解更多关于云计算技术干货的相关内容,可以登录汉码未来官网咨询,主打5人小班,全程面授,主打物联网嵌入式(人工智能)、Java全栈开发、鸿蒙应用开发、Linux云计算SRE工程师、C/C++AI人工智能大模型算法、游戏开发、Web前端开发、Python大数据、PHP等学习进修,有专业的授课老师为你答疑解惑。

 

tags: it培训
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